Typical circuits textbooks tell us that there are four basic feedback topologies. The impression is given (if not stated) that a given feedback circuit will conform to one of these four topologies.

What is hard about analyzing feedback circuits is the extraction from the circuit diagram of the simple block diagram found in active circuits and control textbooks. To start with a relatively easy ...

Radiation-hardened phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits represent a critical advancement in safeguarding electronic systems against the deleterious effects of ionising radiation. These circuits are ...