Everyone knows what a simple database is: Telephone directories, mail-order catalogs and dictionaries are all databases of sorts. Databases can be structured or organized in several different ways: as ...

Database normalization is the cornerstone of database theory. Once a database is normalized, relationships between the data in multiple tables must be established. A hefty part of designing a ...

Databases are used in many different settings, for different purposes. For example, libraries use databases to keep track of which books are available and which are out on loan. Schools may use ...

10 tips for choosing between a surrogate and natural primary key Your email has been sent The superiority of surrogate versus natural keys is a hotly debated topic among database developers. Susan ...

One of the principles within relational theory is that each entity’s row or tuple be uniquely identifiable. This means the defined structure includes some combination of attributes whose populated ...

SQL is neither the fastest nor the most elegant way to talk to databases, but it is the best way we have. Here’s why Today, Structured Query Language is the standard means of manipulating and querying ...

The road to SQL started with Dr. E.F. Codd’s paper, “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks“, published in Communications of the ACM in June 1970. His colleagues at IBM, Donald ...