Believe it or not, all of the cells within a multicellular organism (excluding red blood cells and gametes) contain exactly the same DNA. In which case, why is a heart composed of cardiomyocytes? Or ...

Eukaryotes have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to fine tune gene and protein expression, but this complexity can come with a cost: the more regulatory steps involved the less rapid will be the ...

Cells are, at a fundamental level, protein-production facilities. So naturally, when researchers need to make some particular protein, they should let the cells do the work for them. But living cells ...

Researchers synthesize recombinant proteins in cell-free extracts to verify the identity of cloned genes, to study protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, and protein-drug interactions, and to carry ...

The answer lies in differential gene expression – the combination of genes that are turned on (expressed) or turned off (repressed) in particular cells – this is what makes each cell unique. Gene ...